Car-heater



(No Model.) 3 Sheets--Sheet 1. H. B. KEIPER.

GAR HEATER Patented Dec. 80, 1890.

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H. B. KEIPER.

GAR HEATER Patented Dec. 30, 1890.

UNiTnED STATES PATENT GFFICE.

HENRY BRINSER KEIPER, OF LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA.

CAR-H EATER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 443,770, dated December SO, 1890.

Application filed March 3, 1890. Serial No. 342,522. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY BRINSER KEIPER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lancaster, in the county of 'Lancaster and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Car-Heaters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appert-ains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in that class of car-heaters in which air is taken from the outside of the car, inducted into a heating-chamber, and when heated distributed through the body of the car by means of tiues Vor pipes extending along the sides of the car,

said tubes provided with registers or openings between or under the seats, as in the Spear system now in use.

The object of my invention is to heat and distribute a sufficient quantity ot' pure air without the use of the present coal or wood burning stoves, accomplishing the purpose with greater economy, less care and attention, and the least possible risk from tire in case of accident. I attain the end sought in my invention by the means and devices illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is an inside elevation of a portion of a car, a heater embodying theelements ot my invention appearing in longitudinal vertical section; Fig. V2, a full front elevation of the heater shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, an elevation ot the rear side of Fig. 2, the back ot the heating-chamber removed to show the arrangement of a series of horizontal heatingpipes or return-folds in place; Fig. 4, a top view of Fig. 2 with the rim of the top plate around the combustion-chamber and the ,top of the heating-chamber removed; Fig. 5, a top view of the generatingcoil and heatingfolds detached from their respective chambers, the gage and air-vent pipe in horizontal section; Fig. G, an elevation of the lower portion of Fig. 5 viewed from the right; Fig. 7, a transverse vertical section, enlarged, through the heating-chamber and combustion-chamber, showing the heating-coil and gas-stove in full lines, the partition dividing the heatingchamber in full elevation and the return loops or Vfolds ot the heater passing through said partition in cross-section; andFig S, a top view, also enlarged, of the lower coil ot the heater and the lower fold of the return-loops, showing the junction'of said heater-coil and loops on the right, the feed or outlet-pipes in place. Y

Similar letters and figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

A designates aportion ofthe inside of acar, showing my heating device in place in an angle ot said car.

A represents a cold-air-induction pipe from the outside of the carto the heating-chamber, a being a damper by which the iiow of said air may be regulated; A2, a hot-air-distribu ting tube, provided with registers d. between contiguous seats, while a2 designates a pipe connecting said tube with the heating-chamber. This pipe and tube are of the ordinary construction now in use, and form no part of my invention, but are used in combination therewith.

B designates the combustion-chamber provided with a door o for convenience in lighting the stove B', a suitable base supporting said chamber, and provided with orifices b for the admission of air thereinto; B2, the top plate covering the combustion-chamber, and provided with oritices b2 to aid combustion,and B3 the heating-chamber fastened against the back, extending more than halt'- way around and from the top to near the bottom of the combustion-chamber, while a partition-wall Ui, extending from the bogtprnto near 'the tom ,dividesllitingfchamber inttwo compartments, conducting Y, theY air from'the inlet rst up over said partitionand then down to the outlet into the distributingtube.

C designates the generator, consisting of tubular stand formed of spiral coils placed verticallyin the combustion-chamber, extending from near the bottom to near the top of said chamber, said coils narrowing gradually from the center, where the diameter is greatest, toward the top and bottom,where the diameter of the stand is very small. This form is given to receive more readily the action of the heat from the flame of the stove placed below. The top and bottom coils extend radially outward through the wall of the cornbustion-chamber into the heating-chamber,

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where they are joined to the ends of the heater C", consisting of a series of loops or returnlolds of tubes placed horizontally, forming one continuous but tortuous pipe without end. These loops or return-folds pass through the partition L, Figs. 2, 3, and 8. The top of the generator at its center is provided with a smaller pipe D, extending vertically upward through the top plate of the combustionchamber, and has attached a water-gage d, a steam-gage d', and at its extremity a petcock d?. The watergage indicates the height of the water when the generator is being iilled, the steam-gage the pressure, should there be any, and the pet-cock is opened to reduce the pressure, also to let out the air when the generator and heater are being iilled with water. The lower end of the heaterj ust before the pipe re-enters the combustion-chamber is provided with a downwardly-extendin g pipe E, passing through the bottom of the heating-chamber and through the floor to the outside of the car, where it'terminates in the threaded end c, where a hose may be attached to fill t-he generator and heater, the pipe E being provided with a valve I to stop the admission ot water. The pipe E above the valve l is also provided with a pipe E', projecting horizontally forward, provided with a valve 2 and terminating in the threaded end c', where a hose may be attached when it is desired to fill the generator and heater from within the body of the car.

A gas-stove F (or a vaporstove of some other kind) of sufficient capacity is placed under the generator in the combustion-chainber, as shown. This stove has its arm f extending rearward, said arm being provided with a suitable end f to be connected by means of hose or pipe with the reservoir containing the gas (or other substance) being carried in the usual manner under the body of the car.

My method ot heating is as follows: llaving filled the generator and heater with water by either pipe E or E till the water shows in the crystal gage d, when its intlow isstopped by closing the respective valve l or 2, and having also closed the petcock di it will be readily seen that the water therein will be herinetically confined and not subject to waste from evaporation or other means. A small quantity of water is all that is required, say, from two to three gallons. Now, lighting the stove F, the flame will strike the base of the generator and heat the water therein contained, which will rapidly rise, following the course of the spiral eoil to the top and enter the heatingchamber, then following the course of the horizontal folds of: the heatcrC downward to the inlet will re-enter the combustion-chamber, where, becoming heated again and pursuing the same course, it will continue to circulate and carry heat continually to the heating-chamber. Again, the motion 01"; the` moving car will continue to induct currents of fresh air into the heatingchamber B3, where coming in contact with the heater C it will become heated, and passing first upward over the partition-wall b3, then downward to the outlet and through the connecting-pipe a2into the distributing-tube A2, and by means of the registers a be distributed through the body of the car. It will be readily observed that this iiow of air will be continuous unless checked; also, that it may be regulated at pleasure by means of the dam per a.

Having thus described my invention, what I do consider new, and desire to secure by Lett-ers Patent, is-

l. In a carheater, the combination of a stove provided with a combustion-cham`ber and an air-heating chamber, a water-circuitf consisting of a number of spiral coils located in said combustion-chamber, the top and bottom ot' said coils having small diameters and the diameters of the successive coils grad ually increasing toward the center, and returnfolds located in said air-heating chamber, and means for conveying air to the heating-chamber and from the heating-chamber to the cars, substantially as described.

2. In a car-heater, the combination of a stove provided with a combustion-chamber, a gas or vapor stove in said combustion-chamber, and an air-heating chamber having a partition bi", a watercircuit consisting of a number of spiral coils located in said combustion-chamber, the top and bottom of said coils having small diameters and the diam@ ters of the successive coils gradually increasing toward the center, and return-folds lo cated in said air-heating chamberand passing through said partition b, and means for conveying air to said heating-chamber and from the heating-chamber to the car, the water-circuit provided with means for the injection of water and the outlet of air, and with a watergage and a steam-gage, substantially as dcscribed, and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY BRINSER KEIPER. Witnesses:

J. L. Lr'rn, L. B. Knrrn'a.

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